中國的翻譯叫做規範數據，台灣的翻譯叫權威資料。
這個有簡體的翻譯本沒有繁體。
前幾次我們講的是書目資料的功能需求FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS，
今天要講的是權威資料的功能需求Functional Requirements for Authority Data。
你會把維基的檔變成PDF檔嗎？不會？旁邊有一個鍵可以變成PDF檔啊～
各位修的是圖書資訊學系，電腦不會操作會讓別人笑死。
In library science, authority control is a process that organizes bibliographic information, for example in library catalogs by using a single, distinct spelling of a name (heading) or a numeric identifier for each topic. The word authority in authority control derives from the idea that the names of people, places, things, and concepts are authorized, i.e., they are established in one particular form.
Authority control是組織資訊的一個程序。就以圖書館的目錄來講，cataloguing是你圖書館有這本書，bibliography是這本書曾經出版過。中文來講他就是唯一的一個名字，可以跟別人做區隔，像你的名字。如果把你的名字放進去跟人重複，那就加上出生年，如果又重複甚至同年同月同日死呢，以現在來講就放上身分證字號嘛。
These one-of-a-kind headings or identifiers are applied consistently throughout catalogs which make use of the respective authority file, and are applied for other methods of organizing data such as linkages and cross references. Each controlled entry is described in an authority record in terms of its scope and usage, and this organization helps the library staff maintain the catalog and make it user-friendly for researchers.
這一個標題或是辨識碼，這是一種形式就一個。台灣就一個，中國就一個，北京就一個。每一個entry，每一個經過控制的就稱為Authority Data。這樣就是為了讓使用者在使用的時候能愉快一點(親和力)。
然後他用黛安娜舉了一個例子，你們知道她嗎？應該沒人覺得戴是她的姓吧！
Authority control是一個準備權威數據、權威資料的方法，做出來的就是一個權威資料。各為一樣可以看到他會有研究方法等等。中文的部分就留給各位自己看。英文的部分會比較完整一點。
(英文版)他前面就多了一個INTRODUCTION
Introduction
國際圖聯書目控制部和國際圖聯世界書目控制與國際機讀目錄計畫(UBCIM)於 1999 年 4 月成立規範記錄的功能需求與編號(FRANAR)工作組。2003 年完成 UBCIM 項目之後，國際圖聯-國家圖書館館長會議書目標準聯盟(ICABS)接手規範記錄的功 能要求和編號(FRANAR)工作組，與英國國家圖書館一起承擔該組的工作。
The Working Group on Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records (FRANAR) was established in April 1999 by the IFLA Division of Bibliographic Control and the IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Programme (UBCIM). Following the end of the UBCIM Programme in 2003, the IFLA-CDNL Alliance for Bibliographic Standards (ICABS) took over joint responsibility for the FRANAR Working Group with the British Library as the responsible body.
工作組的職權有三：
The Working Group has three terms of reference:
成立這個working group時心中想的三件事
1) 定義規範記錄的功能需求，延續書目系統“書目記錄的功能需求”的工作
To define functional requirements of authority records, continuing the work that the “Functional requirements of bibliographic records" for bibliographic systems initiated;
延續前面FRBR的工作
2) 研究國際標準規範資料號(ISADN)的可行性，定義可能的應用和使用者、確定 需要 ISADN 的規範記錄類型、研究該號的結構和必要的管理類型
To study the feasibility of an International Standard Authority Data Number (ISADN), to define possible use and users, to determine for what types of authority records such an ISADN is necessary, to examine the possible structure of the number and the type of management that would be necessary;
研究在ISADN的可行性
3) 作為正式的 IFLA 聯絡機構，服務於其他對此有興趣的團體，並就規範文檔 進行合作：例如<indecs> (電子商務系統中資料的互通性), ICA/CDS (國 際檔案理事會檔案著錄規則，後更名為：國際檔案理事會最佳實踐和專業規 則), 國際標準組織資訊與文獻委員會國際編碼和著錄規則的 ISO/TC46， CERL (歐洲研究圖書館聯盟)等。
To serve as the official IFLA liaison to and work with other interested groups concerning authority files: <indecs> (Interoperability of Data in E-Commerce Systems), ICA/CDS (International Council on Archives Committee on Descriptive Standards; later, International Council on Archives Committee on Best Practices and Professional Standards), ISO/TC46 for international numbering and descriptive standards, CERL (Consortium of European Research Libraries), etc.
這個組織作為其他單位之間來往的窗口，跟他們一起工作，也要做他們的窗口
這些機構對各位來說應該都沒有甚麼感覺。
ISO/TC46
Scope:
Standardization of practices relating to libraries, documentation and information centres, publishing, archives, records management, museum documentation, indexing and abstracting services, and information science.
This document fulfills the first of these terms of reference and represents one portion of the extension and expansion of the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records model that was envisioned by the IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. The second term of reference, dealing with numbering, was dealt with by the Working Group in a separate document. The third of the terms of reference represents an ongoing task that has produced many valuable contacts, which have enriched this document and other aspects of this group’s work and have provided the opportunity for the group to review a number of other documents about authority data that have been produced during the time of the group’s work.
1. 目的 Purpose
在圖書館、博物館、檔案館，目錄是用來描述一個機構所管理的資訊內容的結構化資料集。
In libraries, in museums, or in archives, a catalogue is a set of organized data describing the information content managed by an institution.
目錄是一組經過組織的資料，用來描述資訊的內容。
規範資料展現了機構通過某一特定個人、家族、團體，或具有同一題名不同版本來組織作品的受控檢索點和其他資訊。
Authority data represents the controlled access points(檢索項) and other information that institutions use to collocate works by a specific person, family, or corporate body, or the various editions of a title.
受控檢索點包括編目員為 識別某一實體而收集的規範形式和變異形式。Controlled access points include authorized forms and variant forms of name assembled by cataloguers to identify an entity.
出於研究的需要，我們只對名稱和題名實體進行了充分討論。但是，目錄中的主題通常也屬於規範控制的其他實體部分。
For the purposes of this study, only name and title entities are addressed fully; however, subject terms within catalogues are among the other entities commonly subjected to authority control.
規範控制意味著受控檢索點的實體識別和及時管理，是目錄功能不可或缺 的部分。
Authority control, which means both the identification of entities represented by controlled access points and the ongoing management of them, is integral to the functioning of a catalogue.
規範控制對編目員確定和區分目錄中的受控檢索點很有幫助。更重要的是，規範控制讓終端使用者受益，使他們用作者名稱或題名的任何受控形式，都能從目錄中檢索到書目資源。
Authority control is beneficial to cataloguers able to identify and distinguish between the controlled access points within a catalogue. More importantly, authority control benefits end users enabling them to search any controlled form of an author’s name or of a title to retrieve bibliographic resources within catalogues.
沒有控制的時候，如果你要去找一筆資料，要找一個作者的資料，你要怎麼去找？那就要根據你的文化背景，中文就用中文，法文就用法文，但如果是利用權威資料，不管你是什麼文化背景，都可以找到所有的資料。
雖然Authority data的範圍很廣，但是在這份研究報告裡面只處理name跟title
這個概念模型的主要目的是提供一個框架，該框架致力於分析用於規範控制的規範資料和規範資料國際共用的功能需求。
The primary purpose of this conceptual model is to provide a framework for the analysis of functional requirements for the kind of authority data that is required to support authority control and for the international sharing of authority data.
該模型著重於資料本身，不注重如 何打包資料(如在規範記錄中)。
The model focuses on data, regardless of how it may be packaged (e.g., in authority records).
概念模組就是要做出一個框架來評估是怎麼一回事。
FRAD的concept model，是設計來做什麼用途，就這兩件事情。考試要考。
更明確地說，這種概念模型的設計用以：
More specifically, the conceptual model has been designed to:
提供一個明確定義的、結構化的參考框架，這個框架將規範記錄創建者制 作的資料與使用者需求相關聯
provide a clearly defined, structured frame of reference for relating the data that are recorded by authority record creators to the needs of the users of that data;
協助評估圖書館內外規範資料國際共用和使用的潛在可能性。
assist in an assessment of the potential for international sharing and use of authority data both within the library sector and beyond.
2. 研究範圍 Scope
The functional scope of the study was intentionally limited to the library sector, but the study has been conducted with a view to comparative analysis with other sectors.
出於模型的需要，規範資料的使用者，既包括規範資料的創建者和維護者，也
包括終端使用者——直接獲取規範資料或使用圖書館目錄、國家書目等通過檢索點和參照結構間接使用規範資訊。
For the purposes of this model, the users of authority data include both the authority data creators who create and maintain authority data and end users who use authority information either through direct access to authority data or indirectly through the controlled access points and reference structures in library catalogues, national bibliographies, etc.
使用者有兩個，一個是創造者，一個是使用者。
因本研究的需要，規範資料定義為個人、家族、團體，或作品名稱的資訊集成體，這些名稱是參考書目或圖書館目錄和書目資料庫記錄的受控檢索點的基 礎。
For the purposes of this study, authority data is defined as the aggregate of information about a person, family, corporate body, or work whose name is used as the basis for a controlled access point for bibliographic citations or for records in a library catalogue or bibliographic database.
Conventionally, authority data is structured in accordance with guidelines and specifications, such as those set out in IFLA’s Guidelines for Authority Records and References (GARR)2 and/or 2 cataloguing rules. In current practice, the authority record normally contains the authorized access point for the entity as established by the cataloguing agency as the default form for displays in its catalogue, as well as access points for variant forms of name and authorized access points for related entities. The authority record will also normally include information identifying the rules under which the controlled access points were established, the sources consulted, the cataloguing agency responsible for establishing the controlled access point, etc.
At a high level, the conceptual model encompasses authority data of all types. The entity relationship diagram (section 3.3) and the entity definitions (section 3.4) are intended to reflect authority data for persons, families, corporate bodies, and geographic entities, or for entities represented in catalogues by title authority data (of the type of titles of work or work/expression and collective titles of works or works/expressions) or creator-title authority data, for subject authority data (subject terms, thesauri terms, and classification indicia), and authority data for various types of names and identifiers (standard numbers, codes, etc.) associated to those entities. However, the detailed analysis of entity attributes (section 4) and relationships (section
5) focuses only on library authority data for name controlled access points associated with persons, families, and corporate bodies, and for creator-title and title controlled access points associated with works, expressions, manifestations, and items. In those sections, attributes and relationships associated exclusively with other types of authority data (such as subject authority data) are not included. Management information that may be maintained as part of authority data, such as version control information or treatment decisions about the management of the resource described by the data, is also not included.
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