今天帶各位看國際標準書號ISBN。
ISBN的全稱是這樣子「The International Standard Book Number System」，他是一個standard，用number來代表書，就像用身分證字號來代表你。但是人更奇怪的是會把號碼變成文字，其中一個是你手機裡的通訊錄。理由很簡單，要給人看的話一定要用成文字，但是給機器看一定要用成數字，而且文字一定會有誤解。
為什麼這個書可以在網路下載？為什麼不賣錢？想清楚喔。
自由？就算它賣給你它還是很自由啊。
普及？你覺得他很普及嗎？
如果你去影印店印這本書，他說有智慧財產權不給你印，你就給他看這行字。
Permission is granted for the reprinting of any material in this brochure,
subject to(條件是) due acknowledgement of the source and to a copy(註明書的來源), preferably electronic, being sent to the International ISBN Agency.
有限制的自由才是自由，沒有限制的自由不是自由。
大部分的人只理解第4章。
第12章會提到ISBN本身是一個Identifiers(辨識碼)。
ISBN緣起是在歐洲，在德國，在1966年的時候，它們開始去討論為了去行銷(market)，所以跟我們圖書館沒關係，跟出版社有關係。後來討論出來了，從1967年英國的書店開始使用，1968年是Bowker公司。
1968、1969年有個國際組織ISO(國際標準化組織，International Organization for Standardization)，為什麼他縮寫叫ISO？ISO指的是法文。他放在國際標準組織裡面有一個committee，
這個事情等到1970年，ISBN才成為ISO的標準之一，他的編號是2108。
在全球有160個國家使用，全球不超過250個國家。2001年的時候有決策決定ISBN要從10碼擴充為13碼，多的這三碼是作為prefixes(前綴碼)放在前面，稱為GS1。
這個手冊是2012年出的。目前的政策是2007前以後所給予的ISBN都是13碼，如果你這本書是2007年之後出版的都是13碼。有些出版社又搞不清楚，重印2007年以前的書又給了13碼，這樣是不對的，07年以前的書都是10碼。
2. Benefits of the ISBN ISBN的益處
· The ISBN is a unique international identifier for monographic publications; assigning a number replaces the handling of long bibliographic descriptive records, thereby saving time and staff costs and reducing copying errors.
· Correct use of the ISBN allows different product forms and editions of a book, whether printed or digital, to be clearly differentiated, ensuring that customers receive the version that they require.
這個書如果有不同的product forms或是editions就會有新的ISBN，所以重印不算在西方的editions裡面。所以台灣的書要看”增訂”。
· The ISBN facilitates compilation and updating of book-trade directories and bibliographic databases, such as catalogues of books-in-print. Information on available books can be found easily.
對書商幫助很大。
· Ordering and distribution of books is mainly executed by ISBN; this is a fast and efficient method.
採購的時候會用到。
· The ISBN is machine-readable in the form of a 13-digit EAN-13 bar code. This is fast and avoids mistakes.
ISBN用的是EAN-13的bar code。條碼有很多種規格，其中一個是EAN-13。
· The ISBN is required for the running of electronic point-of-sale systems in bookshops.
去買東西的時候，銷售點
圖書館停電的時候你去借書，他唯一擔心的是你已經借滿了他查不到。不要太依賴科技。
· Many publishing and supply chain systems are based on ISBN
供應鏈也是靠這個東西來做。這些都是用電腦處理。便利商店、圖書館其實都不需要盤點來貨，東西少了就少。
· The accumulation of sales data is done by the ISBN. This enables the varying successes of different product forms and editions of publications to be monitored, as well as enabling comparisons between different subject areas and even different publishing houses.
銷售的資料也可以直接從這裏面看出來。
· The national lending right(借閱權) in some countries is based on the ISBN. Such schemes enable authors and illustrators to receive payments proportionate to the number of times that their books are lent out by public libraries.
圖書館的書會不會影響銷售？會。但其實是看這本書，如果這本書很厲害，別人借來看完之後還是會想要再去買一本。歐洲有些國家覺得，圖書館的書會影響銷售，政府也覺得沒錯，那怎麼辦？他們就去創造一條法律：借閱權法。簡而言之，政府根據每年書被借出去的次數，付錢給作者。但這些也都是需要利用電腦來做。但如果金額太大或是太少他們都不會付。
3. The Function and Scope of the ISBN ISBN功能和範圍
ISBN適用於以下出版物：
Examples of types of monographic(專書)(單次出版<->serial連續性出版品)publications to which an ISBN shall be assigned are:
l Printed books and pamphlets 書跟小冊子
l Braille publications 點字出版品
l Publications that are not intended by the publisher to be updated regularly or continued indefinitely
出版品是沒有意圖無限期出版。書預計出版十年，每年出一本，到第十年之後不再出版。
l Individual articles2 or issues of a particular continuing resource (but not the continuing resource in its entirety)
這個東西是連續出版品，但他是從其中一本抽出來另外印的。比如說，Mook(雜誌書)。
l Maps 地圖
l Educational/instructional films, videos and transparencies
教育性的錄影帶、透明圖片
l Audiobooks on cassette, or CD, or DVD (talking books)
有聲書、卡帶、CD、DVD
l Electronic publications either on physical carriers (such as machine-readable tapes, diskettes, or CD-ROMs) or on the Internet (for download or streaming)
電子出版品
l Digitised copies of printed monographic publications
把硬本的書數位化，但現在都是先數位化
l Microform publications 縮微出版物
l Educational or instructional software
教育軟體(踩地雷…訓練你用滑鼠，貪食蛇…訓練你用鍵盤)
l Mixed media publications (where the principal constituent is text-based)
混搭(多媒體)
請各位背起來，考試要考，中文的也看一下。
4. Structure of the ISBN
這個數字是有意義的，但是有意義就會有空號
Since 1 January 2007, national ISBN agencies only provide ISBNs that consist of 13 digits, comprising the following elements:
l Prefix element 首碼號
l Registration group element 組號
l Registrant element 出版者號
l Publication element 書名號
l Check digit 校驗碼
結構，這一定會考。
印刷ISBN號，要在編號前面加字母ISBN。
When printed, the ISBN is always preceded by the letters “ISBN”.
Note: In countries where the Latin alphabet is not used, an abbreviation in the characters of the local script may be used in addition to the Latin letters “ISBN”.
ISBN是拉丁文。
著錄的時候長這樣：
ISBN 978-0-571-08989-5
or
ISBN 978 0 571 08989 5
Note: The use of hyphens or spaces has no lexical significance and is purely to enhance readability.
分不分都沒差，因為這是給人看得所以要分，機器都看得懂。
4.1 Prefix element 前置碼
The first element of the ISBN is a three-digit number that is made available by GS1, formerly EAN International. Prefixes that have already been made available by GS1 are 978 and 979, but there may be a further prefix allocation made in the future as required to ensure the continued capacity of the ISBN system.
EXAMPLE: 978 固定是978，目前沒有別的。
4.2 Registration group element 國碼、區域代碼
The second element of the ISBN identifies the country, geographical region, or language area participating in the ISBN system. Some members of the ISBN system form language areas (e.g., registration group number 3 = German language group within prefix element 978); others form regional units (e.g., registration group number 982 = South Pacific within prefix element 978). The length of this element varies but may comprise up to 5 digits. 最多五位數，最少一個
Registration group elements are allocated by the International ISBN Agency.
EXAMPLE: 978-0
4.3 Registrant element 簡單稱之為出版社
The third element of the ISBN identifies a particular publisher or imprint within a registration group. The length of this element varies in direct relationship to the anticipated output of the publisher and may comprise up to 7 digits. Publishers with the largest expected title outputs are assigned the shortest registrant elements and vice versa. 最多七個，最少一個
Potential registrants apply to the ISBN group agency responsible for the management of the ISBN system within the country, region, or language group where they are based in order to be assigned registrant elements that are unique to them. Once they have exhausted the allocation of ISBNs that is linked to their registrant element, they may be assigned an additional registrant element providing further allocations of ISBNs.
EXAMPLE: 978-0-11
4.4 Publication element 出版品編號
The fourth element of the ISBN identifies a specific edition of a publication by a specific publisher. The length of this element varies in direct relationship to the anticipated output of the publisher concerned and may comprise up to 6 digits. Publishers with the largest expected title outputs are assigned the longest publication elements and vice versa. To ensure that the correct length of the ISBN is maintained, blank digits are represented by leading zeros.
EXAMPLE 978-0-11-000222
4.5 Check digit 檢查號
The fifth element of the ISBN is the check digit. This is calculated using a modulus 10 algorithm. (See Appendix 1 for calculation method or contact your local ISBN agency for advice).
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